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ARTICLE IN JOURNAL
INTERNATIONAL REFEREED
1. LIM, T H B, Y Y Ling, C William Ibbs, B. Raphael and G Ofori, "An empirical analysis of the determinants of organizational flexibility in construction business".  Journal of Construction Engineering and Management-ASCE,  137, no. 3  (2011): 225-237.  (United States).
2. Raphael, B., "Active Control of Daylighting Features in Buildings".  COMPUTER-AIDED CIVIL AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING,  (2010).  (United States).
3. Saitta*, Sandro, Prakash Kripakaran, B. Raphael and I.F.C. Smith, "Feature Selection using Stochastic Search: An Application to System Identification".  JOURNAL OF COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING,  24, no. 1  (2010): 3-10.  (United States).
4. Low*, S P, S P LIM and B. Raphael, "Analyzing construction trends in the European Union using Geographic Information Systems".  Journal of Construction in Developing Countries,  13, no. 1  (2008): 1-26.  (Malaysia).
5. Saitta*, S, P Kripakaran, B. Raphael and I.F.C. Smith, "Improving system identification using clustering".  JOURNAL OF COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING,  22, no. 5  (2008): 292-302.  (United States).
6. Raphael, B., "Promoting Efficient Use of Visualization Tools through Education".  JOURNAL OF COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING,  23, no. 6  (2008): 428-435, 428-435.  (United States).
7. Saitta*, s., B. Raphael and I.F.C. smith, "A bounded index for cluster validity".  Lecture Notes In Computer Science,  4571  (2007): 174-187.  (United States).
8. Saitta*, S., B. Raphael and I.F.C. Smith, "A comprehensive validity index for clustering".  Intelligent Data Analysis,  12, no. 6  (2007): 529-548.  (United States).
9. Low*, S P, B. Raphael,  F M Arain and S Soh, "Analyzing construction-related market trends in APEC countries using GIS".  Business Review,  2, no. 2  (2007): 29-46.  (Pakistan).
10. Raphael*, B., B. Domer, S. Saitta and I.F.C. Smith, "Incremental development of CBR strategies for computing project cost probabilities".  Advanced Engineering Informatics,  21  (2007): 311-321.  (United Kingdom).
11. SAITTA*, S., B. Raphael and I.F.C. Smith, "Data mining for decision support in multiple-model system identification".  WSEAS Transactions on Systems,  5, no. 12  (2006): 2795-2800.  (United States).
12. Low*, S P, B. Raphael and K K Wong, "Tsunamis: some pre-emptive disaster planning and management issues for consideration by the construction industry".  Structural Survey,  24, no. 5  (2006): 378-396.  (United Kingdom).
13. Raphael, B., "Derivational Analogy: Challenges and Opportunities".  Lecture Notes In Computer Science,  4200  (2006): 545-553.  (United States).
14. Saitta*, Sandro, B. Raphael* and Ian Smith, "Combining two data mining methods for system identification".  Lecture Notes In Computer Science,  4200  (2006).  (United States).
15. Patil*, A., B. Raphael and P. Rastogi, "Introduction of stochastic methods to phase shifting interferometry".  JOURNAL OF MODERN OPTICS,  52  (2005): 33-44.  (United Kingdom).
16. Saitta*, S, B. Raphael and I.F.C. Smith, "Data mining techniques for improving the reliability of system identification".  Advanced Engineering Informatics,  19, no. 4  (2005): 289-298.  (United Kingdom).
17. Patil*, A, P Rastogi and B. Raphael, "Phase-shifting interferometry by a covariance-based method".  Applied Optics,  44, no. 27  (2005): 5778-5785.  (United States).
18. Patil*, A., P. Rastogi and B. Raphael, "A stochastic method for generalised data reduction in holographic moiré".  OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS,  248  (2005): 395-405.  (Netherlands).
19. Robert-Nicoud*, Y., B. Raphael* and I.F.C. Smith, "System identification through model composition and stochastic search".  JOURNAL OF COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING,  19, no. 3  (2005): 239-247.  (United States).
20. Robert-Nicoud*, Y., B. Raphael and I.F.C. Smith, "Configuration of measurement systems using Shannon's entropy function".  COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES,  83  (2005): 599-612.  (United Kingdom).
21. Robert-Nicoud, Y., B. Raphael, O. Burdet and I.F.C. Smith, "Model identification of bridges using measurement data".  COMPUTER-AIDED CIVIL AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING,  20, no. 2  (2005): 118-131.  (United States).
22. Patil*, A., B. Raphael and P. Rastogi, "Generalized phase-shifting interferometry using direct stochastic algorithm for global search".  OPTICS LETTERS,  29  (2004): 1381-1384.  (United States).
23. Domer*, B., B. Raphael, K. Shea and I.F.C. Smith, "A study of two stochastic search methods for structural control".  JOURNAL OF COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING,  17, no. 3  (2003): 132-141.  (United States).
24. Raphael*, B. and I.F.C. Smith, "Global search through sampling using a PDF".  Lecture Notes In Computer Science,  2827  (2003): 71-82.  (United States).
25. Raphael*, B. and I.F.C. Smith, "A direct stochastic algorithm for global search".  APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION,  146, no. 2  (2003): 729-758.  (United States).
26. Svanerudh*, P., B. Raphael and I.F.C. Smith, "Lowering costs of timber shear-wall design using global search".  ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS,  18, no. 2  (2002): 93-108.  (Germany).
27. Raphael*, B., G. Bhatnagar and I.F.C. Smith, "Creation of flexible graphical user interfaces through model composition".  Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design Analysis and Manufacturing,  16, no. 3  (2002): 173-184.  (United Kingdom).
28. Raphael*, B. and I.F.C. Smith, "Finding the right model for bridge diagnosis".  Lecture Notes In Computer Science,  1454  (1998): 308-319.  (United States).
29. Raphael*, B. and I.F.C. Smith, "Case-based model selection for engineering diagnosis".  Lecture Notes In Computer Science,  1488  (1998): 112-125.  (United States).
30. Kumar*, B. and B. Raphael, "Reconstructive Memory in Case-based Design".  Artificial Intelligence in Engineering,  11  (1997): 245-258.  (United Kingdom).
31. Raphael*, B. and B. Kumar, "Object-oriented Representation of Design Cases".  COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES,  63, no. 4  (1997): 663-668.  (United Kingdom).
32. Kumar*, B. and B. Raphael, "CADREM: A Case-based System for Conceptual Structural Design".  ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS,  13  (1997): 153-164.  (Germany).
33. Raphael*, B. and B. Kumar, "Indexing and Retrieval of cases in a Case-based Design Systems".  Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design Analysis and Manufacturing,  10  (1996): 47-63.  (United Kingdom).
34. Krishnamoorthy*, C.S., B. Raphael and S. Mukherjee, "Meshing by successive superelement decomposition (MSD) - A new approach to quadrilateral mesh generation".  FINITE ELEMENTS IN ANALYSIS AND DESIGN,  20  (1995): 1-37.  (Netherlands).
35. Raphael*, B. and C.S. Krishnamoorthy, "Automating finite element development using object oriented techniques".  ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONS,  10  (1993): 267-278.  (United Kingdom).
NON-REFEREED
36. TEOH*, M C, B. Raphael and S P Low, "Lean Construction principles and their practice in Singapore".  Construction Information Quarterly,  11, no. 1  (2009): 24-28.  (United Kingdom).
37. TEOH, M C, B. Raphael and S P Low, "Lean construction principles and their practice in Singapore".  Construction Information Quarterly,  11, no. 1  (2008): 24-28.  (United Kingdom).
CONFERENCE PAPER
LOCAL/REGIONAL
1. Raphael, B., "Cumulative deflection approach for the analysis of continuous beams".  Proceedings of fourth Indian Engineering Congress, ed. - (1990).  Delhi: Indian Engineering Congress.  (Fourth Indian Engineering Congress, Bhubaneswar,  1 Jan 1990, Bhubaneswar, India)
INTERNATIONAL
2. Raphael*, B., Y CHEN, S C Sekhar and K W Tham, "Towards Intelligent Building Systems: Evaluating User Acceptance of Automatic Control".  Computing in Civil and Building engineering, ed. Walid Tizani (2010).  Nottingham: The University of Nottingham.  (International conference on computing in civil and building engineering, 30 Jun -  2 Jul 2010, Notthingham, United Kingdom)
3. CHEN*, Y, S C Sekhar, K W Tham and B. Raphael*, "Personalized Ventilation Control: Perception of Indoor Air Quality".  Clima 2010, 10th REHVA World Congress, "Sustainable Energy Use in Buildings" (2010).  Antalya: REHVA.  (Clima 2010,  9 - 12 May 2010, Antalya, Turkey)
4. CHEN*, Y, B. Raphael, S C Sekhar and K W Tham, "Energy Performance of Personalized Ventilation".  Clima 2010, 10th REHVA World Congress, "Sustainable Energy Use in Buildings" (2010).  Antalya: REHVA.  (Clima 2010,  9 - 12 May 2010, Antalya, Turkey)
5. TEOH*, M C, S P Low and B. Raphael, "The ASEAN construction market: visual analysis using computer-based cartography".  Achieving Excellence through Project Management, ed. Hamzah A R et al (2008): 213-222.  Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya.  (International Conference on Project Management, 18 - 20 Nov 2008, Hilton Hotel, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia)
6. TEOH*, M C, S P Low and B. Raphael, "Computer based cartography: A visual tool to incorporate Knowledge Management Information System (KMIS) in the Chinese construction industry".  Advancement of Construction Management and Real Estate, ed. Feng C C et al (2008): 309-314.  Hong Kong: Hong Kong Polytechnic University.  (CRIOCM 2008, 31 Oct -  3 Nov 2008, Renmin University, Beijing, China)
7. TEOH*, M C, S P Low and B. Raphael, "Computer-based cartography: A Marketing Information System tool for the EU Construction Indusstry".  ARCOM Annual Conference, ed. Dainty A (2008): 597-606.  Cardiff: Association of Researchers in Construction Management.  (24th Annual ARCOM Conference,  1 -  3 Sep 2008, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom)
8. Raphael*, B., K W Tham and S C Sekhar, "ACTIVE CONTROL OF INDOOR ENVIRONMENT QUALITY".  Automation and robotics in construction, ed. Koshy Varghese (2007): 119-124.  Madras: Indian Institute of Technology.  (International symposium on automation and robotics in construction, 19 - 21 Oct 2007, Kochi, India)
9. Raphael, B., "A new approach to multi-objective optimization".  IT solutions for the design and managment of infrastructure construction projects, ed. B. Kumar and P.R. Swarup (2006).  New Delhi: CIDC.  (ICITE/ITCSED 2006, 15 - 17 Nov 2006, India habitat centre, New Delhi, India)
10. Raphael, B., "KnowPrice2: Intelligent cost estimation for construction projects".  Intelligent computing in engineering and architecture, ed. Ian Smith (2006).  Germany: Springer.  (Intelligent computing in engineering and architecture, 25 - 30 Jun 2006, Monteverita, Ascona, Switzerland)
11. Raphael*, B., B. Kumar and Iain MacLeod, "Learning retrieval strategies through examples in a case-based design system".  CIVIL-COMP 1995, ed. B. Topping (2005).  Edinburgh: CIVIL-COMP Press.  (CIVIL-COMP 1995,  1 Sep 1995, Berlin, Germany)
12. Raphael*, B. and S. Saitta, "Knowprice: using derivational analogy to estimate project costs".  Eighth international conference on the application of artificial intelligence to civil, structural and environmental engineering, ed. B.H.V. Topping (2005).  Stirling: Civil-Comp Press.  (Eighth international conference on the application of artificial intelligence to civil, structural and environmental engineering, 30 Aug -  2 Sep 2005, Rome, Italy)
13. Raphael*, B. and I.F.C. Smith, "Engineering Applications of a Direct Search Algorithm, PGSL".  Proceedings of the 2005 ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering, held in Cancun, Mexico, July 12-15, 2005, ed. L. Soibelman , F. Pena-Mora (2005).  Reston: ASCE.  (Computing in Civil Engineering, 12 Jul 2005, Cancun, Mexico)
14. Saitta*, S., B. Raphael and I.F.C. Smith, "Supporting Engineers during System Identification".  Proceedings of the 2005 ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering, held in Cancun, Mexico, July 12-15, 2005, ed. L. Soibelman , F. Pena-Mora (2005).  Reston: ASCE.  (Computing in Civil Engineering, 12 - 15 Jul 2005, Cancun, Mexico)
15. Saitta*, S., B. Raphael and I.F.C. Smith, "Data Mining for System Identification Support".  12th EG-ICE Workshop, ed. Borkowski A. (2005).  Warsaw: EG-ICE.  (12th EG-ICE Workshop, 16 - 18 Jun 2005, Warsaw, Poland)
16. Robert-Nicoud*, Y., B. Raphael* and I.F.C. Smith, "Improving the reliability of system identification".  Next Generation Intelligent Systems in Engineering, Proceedings of the 11th International EG-ICE Workshop, ed. Schnellenbach-Held, M., Hartmann, M. (2004).  Weimar: VDI-Fortschritt-Berichte.  (Next Generation Intelligent Systems in Engineering,  1 Jul 2004, Weimar, Germany)
17. Robert-Nicoud*, Y., B. Raphael* and I.F.C. Smith, "Using entropy to maximize the usefulness of data collection".  10-nth International Conf. on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering (ICCCBE), ed. Karl Beucke, Berthold Firmenich, Dirk Donath, Renate Fruchter, Kim Roddis (2004).  Weimar: Bauhaus-Universität Weimar.  (10-nth International Conf. on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering (ICCCBE),  1 Jun 2004, Weimar, Germany)
18. Robert-Nicoud*, Y., B. Raphael and I.F.C. Smith, "A methodology for model selection using measurements".   International Conference on Decision Making in Urban and Civil Engineering, ed. F. Khasrowsahi (2002).  London: ---.  ( International Conference on Decision Making in Urban and Civil Engineering,  6 -  8 Nov 2002, London, United Kingdom)
19. Robert-Nicoud*, Y., B. Raphael and I.F.C. Smith, "Decision support for system identification".  Advances in Intelligent Computing in Engineering, ed. M. Schnellenbach-Held, H. Denk (2002).  Düsseldorf: VDI Verlag.  (Advances in Intelligent Computing in Engineering, 9th International Workshop of EG-ICE, Darmstadt,  1 -  3 Aug 2002, Darmstadt, Germany)
20. Raphael*, B., Y. Robert-Nicoud and I.F.C. Smith, "Computing probabilities of costs using cases".  Computing in Civil Engineering, Proceedings of the International Workshop on Information Technology in Civil Engineering, a specialty workshop of the ASCE Civil Engineering Conference and Exposition, held November 3-7, 2002, in Washington, DC, ed. A.D. Songer, J.C. Miles (2002).  Reston: ASCE.  (Computing in Civil Engineering, ASCE Proceedings IT2002 Washington,  3 -  7 Nov 2002, Washington DC, Washington, United States)
21. Raphael*, B. and I.F.C. Smith, "A model-based approach for the creation of flexible graphical user interfaces".  Artificial Intelligence in Construction and Structural Engineering (2001).  Loughborough: CICE.  (Artificial Intelligence in Construction and Structural Engineering, 20 - 22 Jul 2001, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom)
22. Raphael*, B. and I.F.C. Smith, "Using cases and probabilistic analysis for monetary risk assessment".  Safety, Risk and Reliability, International Conference Malta (2001).  Zurich: IABSE.  (Safety, Risk and Reliability, International Conference Malta, 21 - 23 Mar 2001, Malta)
23. Robert-Nicoud*, Y., B. Raphael and I.F.C. Smith, "Decision support through multiple models and probabilistic search".  Construction Information Technology 2000. Taking the construction industry into the 21st century, ed. G. Gudnason (2000).  Reykjavik: Icelandic Building Research Institute.  (Construction Information Technology 2000. Taking the construction industry into the 21st century, 28 - 30 Jun 2000, Icelandic Building Research Institute, Reykjavik, Iceland)
24. Raphael*, B. and I.F.C. Smith, "A probabilistic search algorithm for finding optimally directed solutions".  Construction Information Technology 2000 Taking the construction industry into the 21st century, ed. G. Gudnason (2000).  Reykjavik: Icelandic Building Research. ISBN 9979-9174-3-1.  (Proceedings of Construction Information Technology 2000, 28 - 30 Jun 2000, Icelandic Building Research Institute, Reykjavik, Iceland)
25. Raphael, B. and I.F.C. Smith, "A course on the fundamentals of computer-aided engineering".  Computing in Civil and Building Engineering ICCCBE VIII (2000).  Reston: ASCE.  (Computing in Civil and Building Engineering ICCCBE VIII, 14 - 17 Aug 2000, Stanford University, California, United States)
26. Raphael*, B., K. Shea and I.F.C. Smith, "A task and software independent CAE course".  AICIVIL-COMP99: The fifth international conference on the applications of AI to Civil and Structural Engineering, ed. Topping B. (1999).  Edinburgh: CIVILCOMP press.  (AICIVIL-COMP99: The fifth international conference on the applications of AI to Civil and Structural Engineering, 13 - 15 Sep 1999, Oxford, United Kingdom)
27. Robert-Nicoud, Y., B. Raphael and I.F.C. Smith, "Managing assumptions and models for evaluations of existing structures".  Artificial Intelligence in Structural Engineering,, ed. A.Borkowski (1999).  Warsaw: Wydawnictwa Naukowo-Techniczne.  (Artificial Intelligence in Structural Engineering,  1 Sep 1999, Warsaw, Poland)
28. Raphael*, B. and I.F.C. Smith, "Development of an undergraduate course on the fundamentals of CAE".  Civil Engineering Learning Technology, ed. Lloyd, R M and Moore, C J (1999).  London: Thomas Telford.  (Civil Engineering Learning Technology,  1 Aug 1999, Cardiff, United Kingdom)
29. Raphael*, B., B. Kumar and Iain MacLeod, "Potential roles for cases in a design system".  6-th International conference of computing in civil and building engineering, ed. Pahl PJ, Werner H, (1995).  Rotterdam: A A Balkema.  (6-th International conference of computing in civil and building engineering, 12 - 15 Jul 1995, Berlin, Germany)
30. Kumar*, B., B. Raphael and Iain MacLeod, "Case-based Reasoning for Structural Design".  First Workshop of the European Group for Structural Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, ed. I. Smith (1994).  Lausanne: --.  (First Workshop of the European Group for Structural Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 21 - 24 Mar 1994, Lausanne, Switzerland)
31. Raphael*, B., B. Kumar and Iain MacLeod, "Representing design cases based on methods".  Computing in Civil Engineering, vol 2 (1994): 285-292.  Reston: ASCE.  (Computing in Civil Engineering,  1 Jan 1994, New York, United States)
32. Raphael*, B. and B. Kumar, "Representing design cases".  Knowledge based systems for civil and structural engineering, ed. B. Topping (1993): 259-264.  Edinburgh: COMP Press.  (Knowledge based systems for civil and structural engineering,  1 Jan 1993, Edinburgh, United Kingdom)
BOOK/MONOGRAPH AUTHORED
1. Saitta*, Sandro, B. Raphael and I.F.C. Smith, Data Mining: Applications in Civil Engineering,  Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag,  2009.  184 pp.
2. Raphael*, B. and I.F.C. Smith, Fundamentals of computer aided engineering,  London: John Wiley,  2003.  309 pp.
3. Kumar*, B. and B. Raphael, Derivational analogy based structural design,  London: Saxe-Coburg Publications,  2001.  178 pp.